How does the normal heart work? The heart is the organ responsible for pumping blood to and from all tissues of the body. The heart is divided into right and left sides. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-deficient...
What and where are the cruciate ligaments? The word cruciate means “to cross over” or “form a cross.” The cruciate ligaments are two bands of fibrous tissue located within each knee joint. They join the femur and tibia (the bones...
What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver. As a specific disease, Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) is a viral infection caused by a member of the Adenovirus family. Does it affect other animals or people? Other members...
What is the thyroid gland and what does it do? The thyroid gland is one of the most important glands in the body. It is located in the neck near the trachea or “windpipe” and has two lobes, one on...
My dog suddenly started asking to go outside very frequently. When I took her out, she squatted to urinate multiple times, like a male dog who is marking his territory. On walks, she did the same thing. It seemed like...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the joints. It is one of the most common chronic diseases that affect dogs. By some estimates, 20% of dogs of all ages are affected by OA. What causes OA in dogs?...